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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiogenic
An anxiogenic substance is one that causes anxiety. Anxiogenic effects can be measured by, for example, the hole-board test in rats and mice.[1] A number of agents are used to provoke anxiety (anxiogens) or panic (panicogens) in experimental models . Some of the most common substances are: sodium lactate, carbon dioxide (as carbogen), L-DOPA, caffeine, Modafinil, GABA antagonists such as DMCM, FG-7142 and ZK-93426, serotonergic agents such as mCPP and LY-293,284, adrenergic agents such as yohimbine, antipsychotics/dopamine antagonist such as ecopipam and reserpine, and cholecystokinin (CCK) (especially the tetrapeptide and octapeptide fragments CCK-4 and CCK-8). Studies have shown that 10 mL/kg of 0.5 molar sodium lactate infused intravenously over a 20-minute period will provoke a panic attack in most patients with panic disorder but not healthy control subjects.[2] Antibiotics drugs such as Fluoroquinolones induce anxiety and panic attack as a side effect.
Anxiolytic substances have the opposite effect: they reduce anxiety. The most common class of anxiolytic drugs are benzodiazepines. The benzodiazepine anatagonist Flumezanil cause panic attacks in patients with panic disorder.
An anxiogenic substance is one that causes anxiety. Anxiogenic effects can be measured by, for example, the hole-board test in rats and mice.[1] A number of agents are used to provoke anxiety (anxiogens) or panic (panicogens) in experimental models . Some of the most common substances are: sodium lactate, carbon dioxide (as carbogen), L-DOPA, caffeine, Modafinil, GABA antagonists such as DMCM, FG-7142 and ZK-93426, serotonergic agents such as mCPP and LY-293,284, adrenergic agents such as yohimbine, antipsychotics/dopamine antagonist such as ecopipam and reserpine, and cholecystokinin (CCK) (especially the tetrapeptide and octapeptide fragments CCK-4 and CCK-8). Studies have shown that 10 mL/kg of 0.5 molar sodium lactate infused intravenously over a 20-minute period will provoke a panic attack in most patients with panic disorder but not healthy control subjects.[2] Antibiotics drugs such as Fluoroquinolones induce anxiety and panic attack as a side effect.
Anxiolytic substances have the opposite effect: they reduce anxiety. The most common class of anxiolytic drugs are benzodiazepines. The benzodiazepine anatagonist Flumezanil cause panic attacks in patients with panic disorder.
