Hmm. Well, first off, your "friends" don't sound too friendly to me. I don't get why someone even feels the need to say something like that to you. Next time they say something like that, I'd tell them to cut it out. If they are true friends, they will respect that you don't like it when they say those things. But if they continue, then I'd say they aren't very good friends. If it comes down to that, I'd gradually cut them off. No point in making time for people who are just going to make fun of you.
I can relate on the whole loner thing too, somewhat. Not currently, but I was a loner growing up, at least among people my age. I had family at home so that was nice, but in school I had a hard time making friends because there weren't too many people with my interests or a friendly personality (lots of cold people), and I didn't have a lot of strength or money so I couldn't be "cool". It took a while for me to make friends because, like you, I was naive and didn't get a lot of cultural references. I just wasn't into that stuff. And I wasn't into being "bad" either, so that meant I wasn't going to be popular. Eventually I did meet people with common interests and people I could get along with, though. I met one friend in band, who introduced me to other friends, and so on and so forth. And I met another friend doing a sport in high school and met friends through him as well.
I noticed on your other threads you said you were nice and loyal and all that, but also struggled with finding things to say. I'm kind of in the same boat. I haven't pursued any interests for a while due to some problems, and I think it's causing me to not have too much to say. I think being nice and loyal and trustworthy and all that is a good thing, and great that you are that way, but I feel like for people to really want to get to know you, they need a little more. Something a little more thrilling. You don't want to be a person that's just "there", I feel like you want to be a specific type of person, like an artist, a rocker, an athlete, car guy, etc. Even being a video game enthusiast would work, as long as it's some kind of person that's based on an interest or activity. I think that really helps you meet people with common interests, and you know you'll have something to talk about.
Another tip when you feel you don't have much to say - ask others about themselves. They'll usually be glad to tell you. Then you can ask them more questions if you want. I've used this before when I'm a little low on conversation pieces, myself.
What are your interests? That should help point the way.
PS - I'm no expert, I have problems too, but some of the things you said, I felt I could relate to, especially back in the school days. So I just thought I'd tell you how it went for me.